⯈Algorithm and its Characteristics
⯈Elementary Problems
- Addition of two numbers
- Calculate area and circumference of circle
- Calculate area of triangle
- Calculate simple interest
- Calculate slope and distance between two points
- Convert length in feet to inches
- Weighted score in exam
- Convert temperature in degree Celsius to Fahrenheit
- Swap two numbers
- Swap two numbers without using extra variable
- Overview of C Programming Language
- Getting started with C Programming Language
- Keywords
- Identifiers
- Constants
- Operators
- Expression Evaluation
- Mathematical expression to C equivalent expressions
- Datatypes
- Variables
- Integer representation in C
- Character representation in C
- Type conversion in C
- sizeof operator
- Comments
- Mathematical Functions
- input output statements
- width specifiers in C
- structure of a C program
- header files
- Compilation process of a C program
- Types of initializations.
⯈Basic C Programs
- C program to add two numbers
- C program to find area and circumference of circle
- C program to swap two numbers
- C program to swap two numbers without using extra variable
- C program to swap two numbers using bitwise XOR
- C program to convert temperature in Celsius to Fahrenheit
- C program to calculate gross salary of an employee
- C program to count number of digits in a positive integer
- C program to count number of digits in binary representation
- C program to count number of digits in base ‘K’
- C program to convert kilometer to meter, feet, inches and centimeters
- C program to find first and last digit of a number
- C program to find minimum number of currency denominations
- C program to convert cartesian coordinates to polar coordinates
- C program to find distance between two places on earth in nautical miles
- C program to find slope and distance between two points
- C program to add 1 to the number using ‘+’ operator
- C program to find maximum of two numbers using ternary operator
- C program to find maximum of three numbers using ternary operator
- C program to find kth bit of a number
- C program to find last four bits of a byte
Header files in C
- Header files have collection of functions in it. The header files are used so that the code can be reused across the programs.
- Header files have extension of .h
- The header files are written in link section of the C program.
- The header files can be built-in, provided by the compiler or can be user-defined.
- We include header files in our program using #include.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include"stdlib.h"
- We can write the header files either in angle brackets or in double quotations.
- If we write the header files in angle bracket, it will search only in the system folder (where compiler is installed)
- If we write in double quotations first it will search in current folder, where the C program is written, if not found then it will search in system folder.
Some commonly used header files
stdio.h
std is standard, i is input and o is output.
All the input-output functions like printf, scanf, sprintf, gets, puts, getchar, putchar are defined in stdio.h
So, if we want to use any of the input-output functions in our program we need to include stdio.h
math.h
All the mathematical functions like sin, cos, tan, ceil, floor, etc.,are defined in math.h
So, if we want to use any mathematical functions in our program we need to include math.h
stdlib.h
Stands for standard library.
This header file includes exit function, all dynamic memory allocation functions like malloc, realloc, calloc and free.
limits.h
This header file contains all the MACROS that define the lower-range and upper-range of the int and char datatype.
| MACRO | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
INT_MAX |
2147483647 |
The maximum value that the int data type can store. |
INT_MIN |
-2147483648 |
The minimum value that the integer can store. |
UINT_MAX |
4294967295 |
The maximum value that the unsigned int can store.(The minimum value is 0) |
LONG_MAX |
9223372036854775807 |
Maximum value that long int can store |
LONG_MIN |
-9223372036854775808 |
Minimum value that long int can store |
string.h
All the string functionalities like strcpy, strlen etc., are defined in string.h