Contents
Introduction to Problem Solving
⯈Algorithm and its Characteristics
⯈Elementary Problems
- Addition of two numbers
- Calculate area and circumference of circle
- Calculate area of triangle
- Calculate simple interest
- Calculate slope and distance between two points
- Convert length in feet to inches
- Weighted score in exam
- Convert temperature in degree Celsius to Fahrenheit
- Swap two numbers
- Swap two numbers without using extra variable
Basics of C Programming
- Overview of C Programming Language
- Getting started with C Programming Language
- Keywords
- Identifiers
- Constants
- Operators
- Expression Evaluation
- Mathematical expression to C equivalent expressions
- Datatypes
- Variables
- Integer representation in C
- Character representation in C
- Type conversion in C
- sizeof operator
- Comments
- Mathematical Functions
- input output statements
- width specifiers in C
- structure of a C program
- header files
- Compilation process of a C program
- Types of initializations.
⯈Basic C Programs
- C program to add two numbers
- C program to find area and circumference of circle
- C program to swap two numbers
- C program to swap two numbers without using extra variable
- C program to swap two numbers using bitwise XOR
- C program to convert temperature in Celsius to Fahrenheit
- C program to calculate gross salary of an employee
- C program to count number of digits in a positive integer
- C program to count number of digits in binary representation
- C program to count number of digits in base ‘K’
- C program to convert kilometer to meter, feet, inches and centimeters
- C program to find first and last digit of a number
- C program to find minimum number of currency denominations
- C program to convert cartesian coordinates to polar coordinates
- C program to find distance between two places on earth in nautical miles
- C program to find slope and distance between two points
- C program to add 1 to the number using ‘+’ operator
- C program to find maximum of two numbers using ternary operator
- C program to find maximum of three numbers using ternary operator
- C program to find kth bit of a number
- C program to find last four bits of a byte
Identifiers in C
Identifier is a name given to a variable, function or an array. We will discuss each one these in the coming chapters in detail.
Identifier is a combination of letter’s, digits and underscore.
There are some rules for making an identifier in C, they are
- Identifier name should begin with a letter or underscore (_).
- Keywords cannot be used as an identifier name, since they are reserved.
- There should not be any white space characters like space, newline or tab.
- There should not be any special symbol in an identifier name. The only special symbol allowed is underscore (_).
Some valid identifiers
- number_of_students
- temperatureCelsius
- _
- a1
- __ (two underscore’s continuously)
- a
- Int (it is valid identifier, int is keyword. but not Int, keywords are written in lowercase and here ‘I’ is in upper case)
Note: Identifier names are case sensitive. Meaning 'A' is not same as 'a'.
The following identifier names are different even though the names are same:
- temp and Temp
- a and A
- number and numbeR
Note: Even if there is a single character mismatch, the identifier names will be different.
Some invalid identifiers
- 1a (starts with digit, should start with letter or underscore)
- number of students (contains white spaces)
- $ub (contains special symbol)
- int (is a keyword)